Fundamental Rights:
Fundamental rights are basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India, guaranteed to all citizens. These rights are applied without discrimination based on factors such as race, religion, or gender. Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions12.
Here are the six fundamental rights recognized in the Indian Constitution:
Right to Equality (Articles 14-18):
Article 14: Ensures equality before the law.
Article 15: Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
Article 16: Guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22):
Article 19: Protects freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, and residence.
Article 20: Safeguards against self-incrimination and double jeopardy.
Article 21: Ensures right to life and personal liberty.
Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24):
Article 23: Prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor.
Article 24: Forbids employment of children in hazardous industries.
Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28):
Article 25: Grants freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion.
Article 26: Allows religious denominations to manage their own affairs.
Article 27: Prohibits state funding of religious institutions.
Article 28: Prevents religious instruction in state-funded educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30):
Article 29: Protects the rights of minorities to conserve their culture, language, and script.
Article 30: Grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions.
Right to Constitutional Remedies:
Article 32: Provides the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
Article 226: Corresponding provision for High Courts.
These fundamental rights are essential for upholding the dignity, freedom, and equality of every Indian citizen. They serve as a cornerstone of our democratic system and ensure justice and fairness in society.
